The Scaling of Blood Pressure and Volume

For over a century, it has been known that blood pressure has an average value that does not change while blood volume maintains a fixed proportion to body mass. Despite several attempts, adequate and consistent explanations for these two scale rules have never been found. Thus, for over 100 years, these two variables, pressure and volume, essential for the functioning of the circulatory system and from which all other scales of this system derive, have not had their own scales proven from a theoretical point of view. Our study shows that such rules derive from the simultaneous optimization of blood flow and the generation of entropy in the circulatory system. Furthermore, we show the impact of this optimization on the transition from ecto to endothermia, as well as obtain the scaling rule for cardiac mass. The developed method allows for a wide range of analyzes in different areas of knowledge in situations where an optimization of a generalized thermodynamic flow is sought. To access the paper, click on the link:  https://doi.org/10.3390/foundations1010010