Anurans that live in the Caatingas are subjected to unpredictable rain patterns. In this way, they should be prepared to reproduce at the moment the rain starts. This study shows that despite high androgens and corticosterone plasma levels during the reproductive period, the calling behavior and spermiation is triggered only by the rain event. Additionally, during the dry period, when some species are aestivating, the testicles are ready for the spermiation event.